Not in California.
1. To sue in a small claims court in California, you must arrange to have whomever you sue be served (given certain documents) in California. Therefore, you usually can't sue someone in a small claims court in California if they are not also in California. However, there might be a way to serve them in California, even if they are elsewhere. (Some companies have a California address for legal purposes, even if they are registered elsewhere.)
You do have two other options:
(a) you could sue in another state, but then you'd have to spend money getting to that state, or
(b) you could sue in a different court in California (not small claims court). There may be different rules if you don't use a small claims court.
2. To sue in a small claims court in California, you have to seek money damages. If you seek only an injunction, then you have to use a different court. To get an injunction from a small claims court in California, you would have to seek both money damages and the injunction. If you really want to seek only an injunction, then you could use a different court, but it might make more sense to ask for a nominal amount of money damages (like what you had to pay the attorney), so that you can use the small claims court.
If it's already been 5 years, then I don't see the point to a lawsuit. After 7 to 7 1/2 years, the credit bureau is supposed to remove it automatically, even if you do nothing. So waiting another 2 to 2 1/2 years should do the trick.